Nigeria’s
fiscal risks have become elevated as the retreat of oil prices is bringing them
closer to the break-even point at which the Federal and State government
budgets become untenable.
“Nigeria’s
low levels of accumulated oil windfall savings imply that its oil-price
vulnerability kicks in at a much higher threshold than the official oil price
benchmark suggests,” said Standard Chartered analysts led by Samir Gadio, head
of the bank’s Africa Strategy and FICC Research, in a recent report.
The
2014 Nigerian budget is based on a benchmark oil price of $77.5/ barrel;
however any price cushion is eroded from the unrealistic production assumption
of 2.3 million barrels per day, as output has been running close to the 1.9m
bpd mark.
Nigeria’s
benchmark Bonny light crude oil traded at $97.9 per barrel on September 12,
down 14 percent from $111.9 per barrel in May, according to data from the
Central Bank (CBN).
The
Federation Account Allocation Committee (FAAC),
allocation to the Federal,
States and Local Governments fell by 13.4 percent to N654.6 billion in July,
down from N755.95 billion in June.
“The
lower allocation reflects the decline in crude oil receipts as oil prices fall
below $105pb,” said Bismarck Rewane, CEO of research firm Financial Derivatives
Company (FDC) in a September 03 presentation.
“Revenues
continue to dwindle, adding to the fiscal pressures, as production also
remained stubbornly flat,” Rewane said.
Nigeria
is Africa’s top oil producer but exports less than potential output of around
2.5 million b/d, due to consistent sabotage of facilities, leakages and limited
new investment in the sector.
The
country is also heavily dependent on oil, which accounts for around 95 percent
of export dollar earnings, according to CBN data, and up to 80 percent of
consolidated government revenue.
A
slide in oil prices will likely manifest in stress on the currency, say
analysts.
“Based
on previous experience, Nigerian FX, rates and external assets tend to come
under pressure when the oil price slides to, or below the $95-100/bbl levels.
When the oil price fell to $ 90/bbl in June 2012, this was associated with a
considerable sell-off in the naira (NGN) and Nigerian fixed-income and equity
instruments,” Gadio said.
The
exchange rate has remained firm recently with interbank USD-NGN trading in a
tight 161-163 range since early July, as the CBN moved to defend the currency.
The
CBN’s FX reserves have however remained stuck for a month at the $39.5 billion
levels (Sept 12).
Investors
are watching oil prices and the direction of U.S Fed interest rate policy, as
officials gauge progress toward their goals of full employment and stable
inflation needed to increase rates for the first time since 2006, in a two-day
meeting ending today (Sept 17 ).
Any
rates increase will be seen as bearish for oil prices.
OPEC
Secretary-General Abdalla El-Badri said yesterday that the group may cut output
targets by 500,000 barrels a day to 29.5 million barrels a day next year, in a
bid to support prices.
For
Nigeria, the low levels of fiscal savings magnify the risks posed by a slide in
oil prices. The latest official figures show ECA and sovereign wealth fund
(SWF) balances of around $4bn and $1.55bn.
“There
is a disconnection between the modest federal government fiscal deficits in
recent years and the oil price benchmarks in the budget on one hand, and the
limited accumulation of oil savings on the other hand,” said Gadio.
“Given
elevated oil prices since 2011, one would have expected Nigeria to accumulate
large fiscal savings.”
Businessday
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